Q1: 'The Science of Volcanoes' - Read the passage aloud

Volcanoes are powerful natural features that shape the Earth’s surface. They form when molten rock, called magma, rises from deep within the planet. When pressure builds, the magma erupts through cracks, becoming lava. Some eruptions are explosive, while others flow slowly. Scientists study volcanoes to understand their behaviour and predict future eruptions. They use tools like seismographs and gas sensors to monitor activity. Volcanoes can be dangerous, but they also create fertile soil and new land. Famous volcanoes like Mount Vesuvius and Mount Fuji have shaped history and culture. Learning about volcanoes helps us respect nature’s power and prepare for its surprises.